PASCO ES-9078A Osnovni elektrometar Uputstvo za upotrebu

PASCO ES-9078A Osnovni elektrometar Uputstvo za upotrebu

Uvod

Osnovni elektrometar

ES-9078A

Preporučena oprema:

The Basic Electrometer is a voltmeter used for direct measurements of voltage and indirect measurements of current and charge. Because of its high impedance of 10¹⁴ ohms, it is especially suited for measuring charge in electrostatic experiments. It has a sensitivity nearly one thousand times that of a standard goldleaf electroscope, a center-zero
meter display that directly indicates charge polarity, and a digits display. The Basic Electrometer measures charges as low as 10-11 coulombs.
The device can also output a signal to a PASCO analog interface. These features make electrostatics demonstrations and labs more quantitative and easier to perform.
The Basic Electrometer is powered by four AA-alkaline batteries (included). These batteries can be easily replaced by opening the back casing of the electrometer.

Oprema

Uključene stavke:

Osnovni elektrometar (ES-9078A)

Kabl za ulaz signala (BNC-to-alligator clip) Connects to the BNC jack at the Signal Input port.

Banana plug patch cord

Connects to the Ground port on the Basic Electrometer.

Interfejs kabl (Mini DIN-to-8-pin DIN plug)

Connects between the Signal Output port of the Basic Electrometer and a PASCO analog interface.

Kabel za uzemljenje

Features insulated spade lug connectors and a one gigaohm resistor. To be used with the Basic Variable Capacitor (ES-9079).

Klip za ispuštanje

4× AA-cell alkaline batteries (nije na slici)

Preporučeno oprema:

• Faraday kanta za led (ES-9042A)
• Proizvođači punjenja i probni avion (ES-9057C)
• Basic Variable Capacitor (ES-9079)
• 850 Universal Interface (UI-5000) or 550 Universal Interface (UI-5001)
• PASCO Capstone (required for 850 Universal Interface) or SPARKvue data collection software
  

Meter display Digits display Signal Output port

Connect interface cable here to output signal to an analoginterface.

Voltage range indicators

Indicate the selected measurement range.

Voltage range selector button

Press to change the selected voltage range.

Dugme ON/OFF

Pritisnite da uključite ili isključite uređaj.

Prizemna luka

Connect device to earth ground via this port.

Signal Input port

Connect signal input cable to BNC jack here.

Access to battery compartment

Loosen both thumbscrews to remove the case and access the batteries.

Dugme ZERO

Push to zero meter and remove excess charges.

Nabavite softver

Senzor možete koristiti sa softverom SPARKvue ili PASCO Capstone. Ako niste sigurni koju da koristite, posjetite pasco.com/products/guides/ software-comparison.
SPARKvue je dostupan kao besplatna aplikacija za Chromebook, iOS i Android uređaje. Nudimo besplatnu probnu verziju SPARKvue i Capstone za Windows i Mac. Da biste preuzeli softver, idite na pasco.com/downloads ili potražite SPARKvue u trgovini aplikacija vašeg uređaja.
Ako ste prethodno instalirali softver, provjerite imate li najnovije ažuriranje:
SPARKvue: Main Menu  > Check for Updates
PASCO Capstone: Pomoć > Provjeri ažuriranja

Operacija

The following sections explain how to safely set up and use the Basic Electrometer.

Setup

1. Connect the BNC plug of the signal input cable (test lead) to the BNC jack on the side of the Basic Electrometer. To lock the cable in place, line up the pegs on the BNC jack with the slots on the plug, push the plug onto the jack, and turn the plug clockwise until
2. Use the banana plug patch cord to connect the Ground port of the electrometer to an earth ground.
3. Pritisnite ON/OFF button to turn the electrometer on. The digits display, meter display, and one of the voltage range indicators will light up.
4. Pritisnite NULA button to zero the The LED of the meter display will align with the “0” mark, and the digits display will show 0.0.
5. Pritisnite Voltage birač opsega button to select the desired voltage range (3, 10, 30, or 100).

The range setting refers to the voltage input required to produce a full- scale meter deflection. For example, a setting of 30 means that the meter will be fully deflected by a voltage od 30 V.

Important points for general operations

• NEVER use the Basic Electrometer to measure potentials greater than 100 V.
• Never connect the electrometer to an electrostatics generator, such as a Van de Graaff generator or a Wimhurst machine.
• Avoid touching the input leads until you have grounded yourself to an earth A person walking across a rug on a cool, dry day can easily acquire a potential of several thousand volts.
• Always press the ZERO button between measurements to discharge any excess charge from the electrometer. Shorting the test leads together is insufficient, as there may still be stray charges within the circuitry.

• For best results, ALWAYS connect the electrometer to an earth ground, such as a water pipe or the ground wire from a 120 VAC socket, during experiments. Only an earth ground can provide a sufficient drain for excess charge buildup during the
• The experimenter should also be grounded during the To do this, touch one hand to an earth ground just before or during measurements.

Measuring voltage

The Basic Electrometer can be treated as an infinite impedance voltmeter. To use the electrometer as a voltmeter, connect the signal input cable leads to the battery, set the voltage range, and read the voltage on the meter or digits display.

Measuring charge via induction

Under most conditions, the best way to measure charge is via induction. Use a proof plane and a Faraday ice pail, such as those included with the Electrostatics System (ES-9080B) and shown below.

The proof plane is simply a small conductive disk mounted on an insulating handle. To sample the charge distribution on a charged object, simply touch the object with the proof plane, then place the proof plane inside the inner cylinder of the ice pail, bez touching the cylinder. A charge of equal magnitude and sign is induced on the surface of the ice pail and can be read by the Basic Electrometer.

By always using the proof plane and ice pail, the capacitance will be the same for all measurements, and the charge on the proof plane will always be proportional to the voltage reading on the electrometer.

Measuring charge via contact

Charges can also be measured by contact. If you touch the inner cylinder of the ice pail with a charged object, such as a charged proof plane, the electrometer reading will generally remain mostly unchanged. This is because the total capacitance is only negligibly affected by the proof plane. However, this may not always be the case.
Any charge measurement with the electrometer is indirect, based on the knowledge that the amount of charge on an object is proportional to the
readings will always be measured in volts, not coulombs. However, the polarity of the voltage directly shows the type of charge being sampled. If quantitative charge measurement is needed rather than qualitative data, charge can be measured using the equation Q = CV, gdje V
je voltage across a known capacitor of capacitance C.
The Basic Electrometer can be thought of as an infinite impedance voltmeter in parallel with a capacitor CE, kao što je prikazano na slici 2.
CE represents the internal capacitance of the electrometer, plus the
capacitance of the leads and the ice pail if these are being used. When a charged object is placed across the electrometer leads (or into the ice pail), a voltage V is displayed on the meter. If the value CE is known, the value of charge can be calculated using the equation Q = CEV.

The capacitance of the electrometer alone is about 27 picofarads (pF). However, if the sampled object adds significant capacitance, the situation changes to what is shown in Figure 3, with Clok being the capacitance of the object. To accurately calculate the amount of
charge in this case, the total capacitance CE + Clok must be determined. This requires an accurate value for CE, unless you are certain that the object you are measuring has a high enough capacitance to disregard CE (Clok >> CE). Note that this is ne the case when using the Basic Variable Capacitor (ES-9079). The following section will explain how to measure the experimental capacitance value of the electrometer, any cables connected to it, and the ice pail.

Measuring the capacitance of the electrometer and connectors

When a known capacitor C is charged by a known voltage V, the charge in the capacitor is given by Q = CV. If a capacitor with known charge is connected across the leads of the electrometer, it is connected in parallel with the internal capacitance CE of the electrometer, ice pail, and cables. Therefore, the total capacitance becomes C + CE. The known capacitor will discharge across the Basic Electrometer, and the voltage VE can be read. Since the total charge of the system is still Q, we know that:
Use this procedure to measure a precise value of the capacitance provided by the electrometer and connected instruments:

1. Obtain a low leakage capacitor (polypropylene or air dielectric) of known value C around 30 pF.
2. Charge the capacitor with a known voltage VOvaj svezaktage should NOT be higher than 100 V, as this is the limit of the

SPARKvue

1. Start SPARKvue, then click Podaci senzora.
2. Connect your interface to For instructions on this, see the manual for the interface and the SPARKvue online help.
3. Connect the interface cable from the Signal Output port on the Basic Electrometer to an analog port on the interface.
4. Od Odaberite mjere za šablone column, select the Svojstva icon next to the name of the channel to which the electrometer is connected.
5. From the list of sensor options, select Electrometer (Basic) i odaberite OK.
6. Ensure that the box next to Voltage is checked in the measurements column, then select Graf from the Displays column to open the Experiment The graph display will automatically adjust to measure voltage versus time.
7. Kliknite Počni to begin collecting

 PASCO Capstone

1. Start Capstone, then click Podešavanje hardvera u Alati
2. Connect your interface to For instructions on this, see the manual for the interface and the Capstone online help.
3. Connect the interface cable from the Signal Output port on the Basic Electrometer to an analog port on the interface.
4. U Podešavanje hardvera tool, locate the image of the connected interface. Click inside the yellow circle over the port to which the cable is connected and select Elektrometar sa liste.
5. Dvaput kliknite Graf u Displeji palette to create a new graph
6. Kliknite next to the y-axis and select Voltage from the The x-axis will automatically be set to measure time.
7. Kliknite Zapis za početak snimanja

Pomoć za softver

Pomoć za SPARKvue i PASCO Capstone pružaju informacije o tome kako koristiti ovaj proizvod sa softverom. Pomoći možete pristupiti iz softvera ili na mreži.

 SPARKvue

softver: Glavni meni > Pomoć

Online: help.pasco.com/sparkvue

 PASCO Capstone

softver: Pomoć > PASCO Capstone Help
Online: help.pasco.com/capstone

Specifikacije i pribor

Posjetite stranicu proizvoda na pasco.com/product/ES-9078A to view specifikacije i istražite dodatnu opremu. Također možete preuzeti eksperiment filei dokumente podrške sa stranice proizvoda.

Eksperimentiraj files

Preuzmite jednu od nekoliko aktivnosti spremnih za studente iz PASCO Experiment Library. Eksperimenti uključuju materijale za učenike koji se mogu uređivati ​​i bilješke nastavnika. Posjetite pasco.com/freelabs/ES-9078A.

Tehnička podrška

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Email        support@pasco.com

Ograničena garancija

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Copyright

This document is copyrighted with all rights reserved. Permission is granted to non- profit educational institutions for reproduction of any part of this manual, providing the reproductions are used only in their laboratories and classrooms, and are not sold for
profit. Reproduction under any other circumstances, without the written consent of PASCO scientific, is prohibited.

Trademarks

PASCO i PASCO science su zaštitni znaci ili registrovani zaštitni znaci PASCO science, u Sjedinjenim Državama i drugim zemljama. Svi drugi nazivi robnih marki, proizvoda ili usluga su ili mogu biti zaštitni znaci ili uslužni znaci, i koriste se za identifikaciju proizvoda ili usluga njihovih odgovarajućih vlasnika. Za više informacija posjetite www.pasco.com/legal.

Odlaganje proizvoda na kraju životnog veka

Ovaj elektronski proizvod podleže propisima o odlaganju i recikliranju koji se razlikuju u zavisnosti od zemlje i regiona. Vaša je odgovornost da reciklirate svoju elektronsku opremu u skladu sa vašim lokalnim zakonima i propisima o zaštiti okoliša kako biste osigurali da će biti reciklirana na način koji štiti ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš. Da biste saznali gdje možete odložiti svoju otpadnu opremu radi recikliranja, obratite se lokalnoj službi za recikliranje ili odlaganje otpada ili mjestu gdje ste kupili proizvod.
Simbol Evropske unije WEEE (otpad elektronske i električne opreme) na proizvodu ili njegovom pakovanju označava da se ovaj proizvod ne smije odlagati u standardni kontejner za otpad.

CE izjava

Ovaj uređaj je testiran i utvrđeno je da je usklađen sa osnovnim zahtjevima i drugim relevantnim odredbama primjenjivih direktiva EU.

FCC izjava

Ovaj uređaj je u skladu s dijelom 15 FCC pravila. Rad je podložan sljedeća dva uslova:
(1) Ovaj uređaj ne smije uzrokovati štetne smetnje i (2) ovaj uređaj mora prihvatiti sve primljene smetnje, uključujući smetnje koje mogu uzrokovati neželjeni rad.

Odlaganje baterija

Batteries contain chemicals that, if released, may affect the environment and human health. Batteries should be collected separately for recycling and recycled at a local hazardous material disposal location adhering to your country and local government regulations. To find out where you can drop off your waste battery for recycling, please contact your local waste disposal service, or the product representative. The battery used in this product is marked with the European Union symbol for waste batteries to indicate the need for the separate collection and recycling of batteries

 

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